CystitisCall inflammation of the bladder.In most cases, this inflammation is caused by bacterial infection and is a type of urinary tract infection (IMVP).Bladder infection can be very painful and exhaustive and can also lead to more serious problems if it enters the kidneys.
In rare cases, cystitis can be a reaction to certain medications, radiotherapy or other stimuli: spray for female hygiene, sperm or long -term use of the urine catheter.Cystitis can also be a complication of another disease.
Usually, bacterial cystitis requires antibiotic prescription.The treatment of other types of cystitis depends on their cause.
Symptoms and signs of cystitis
Symptoms of cystitis include:
Imperative (sudden and very strong) thrust to urinate
False urination
Burning during urination
Frequent urination, small urine
Blood in urine (hematuria)
Muddy urine and/or urine with a sharp unpleasant smell
Discomfort in the area of the pelvis
Pressure pressure on the lower abdomen
Subject body temperature (from 37 to 38 degrees)
In young children, the sudden appearance of daily integration (urinary incontinence) can also be a sign of urinary tract infection (IMVP).
When to see a doctor
Seek medical help immediately if you have symptoms that are characteristics of renal infection, in particular:
Back pain or side
Fever and chills
Nausea and vomiting
Frequent, painful urination, lasts more than a few hours
Blood in the urine.
It is especially important to consult a doctor if this is not the first episode of cystitis.
If you have just completed the course of treatment and the symptoms have already returned, consult a doctor immediately.
If your child has the day of the day, call your pediatrician
The causes and risk factors of cystitis
The human urinary tract consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder and the urethra (urethra).
The main function of the urinary tract is the elimination of slag from the body.The kidneys filter blood, releasing primary and then secondary urine from it.The secondary urine flows through the ureters into the bladder and accumulate there for several hours, after which the bladder is filled, the person feels the desire to urinate and empty the bladder through the urethra.
Bacterial cystitis
Urine infections usually occur when the bacteria from the outside penetrate the urinary tract through the urethra and begin to multiply there.Most of the time, cystitis is caused by E. Coli bacteria.
Bacterial cystitis can occur in women as a complication of sexual intercourse, especially often this happens after the first sexual intercourse in a woman's life.But even sexually inactive girls and women are sensitive to infections of the lower urinary tract, because genital women are often cystitis -causing bacteria.
Non -infection of cystitis
Nebakterialnym Cistitam includes:
Media cystitis.The causes of this chronic inflammation of the bladder, also called the painful bladder syndrome, are still unclear.They are often found in women.This disease can be difficult to identify and heal.
Drug cystitis.Some drugs, chemotherapeutic drugs can cause cystitis as they accumulate in the bladder and irritate its wall.
Radiation cystitis.Radiation treatment of the pelvic area can cause inflammatory changes in the tissues of the bladder.
Cystitis of a foreign body.Prolonged use of the urine catheter can increase the risk of bacterial infections and tissue damage.Both of these factors can cause cystitis.
Chemical cystitis.Some people may have increased sensitivity to the chemicals contained in jacuzzi, female hygiene sprays, sperm gels and other substances.Local chemical irritation or allergic inflammation - causes typical symptoms of cystitis.
Cystitis caused by other factors.Sometimes cystitis can occur as a complication of other diseases, such as diabetes, kidney stones, prostate hypertrophy or spinal cord injury.
Risk factors
Some people are more likely to develop repeated urinary tract infections than others.First of all, the risk factor is the female floor - a short urethra makes women more vulnerable before this disease.
Among the women, those who: who:
Sexually active.Sexual intercourse can lead to protalkivaniyu bacteria in urethra.
Use some contraceptives.Women using diaphragms and other membranes impregnated with sperm gel are more likely to suffer from cystitis.
Pregnancy.Hormonal changes during pregnancy can increase the risk of cystitis.
It is in menopause.Changed hormones in women in menopause is often provocative IMVP.
Other risk risk factors in men and women include:
Urine barrier.Can be caused by a stone in the bladder or an enlarged prostate (in men).
Changes to the immune system.They occur in diseases such as diabetes, HIV infection and cancer chemotherapy.The suppression of the immune system increases the risk of bacteria and, in some cases, viral cystitis.
Long -term use of urine catheter.The elderly and people with some diseases may need to use long urine catheter.This often leads to increased vulnerability before bacterial infections, as well as immediate damage to the tissues of the bladder.
In men without predisposition factors - cystitis is rare.
Complications of cystitis
With rapid and proper treatment, cystitis rarely leads to complications.However, with premature treatment, cystitis can cause more serious diseases.
Complications of cystitis include, first of all, pyelonephritis (infectious kidney inflammation).An inflammatory bladder infection can fall into the kidneys, which, in turn, can cause pyelonephritis and even irreversible damage to the renal tissue (renalization).
Early children and the elderly have the highest risk of kidney damage due to bladder infections, because IMVP symptoms are often overlooked or incorrectly taken by doctors for the symptoms of other diseases.
Preparation for a doctor's visit
If you or your child, you have the symptoms characteristics of cystitis, you should make an appointment with a doctor.First, it should be examined by a pediatrician, a therapist or a general physician, and then if he considers it necessary, you will be directed to a urologist or kidney.Waiting for reception time, you can create a list that will reduce and optimize the time of contact with the doctor:
Record your symptoms, including those who seem to you are not related to cystitis
Make a list of all medicines, vitamins or food additives you accept
Write questions you would like to ask your doctor
For example, you can ask a doctor:
What probably caused my illness?
What additional exams should I pass?
What factors, in your opinion, have contributed to the development of cystitis?
What kind of treatment approach do you recommend?
If this course does not have a relief, what treatment do you consult with next?
What side effects can be expected from the specified treatment course?
What is the risk of repeating this problem?
What can I do to reduce the risk of relapse?
Do I need a consultation with a narrow specialist, urologist or kidney?
Feel free to ask questions that arise with you during a conversation with a doctor.
Your doctor will probably ask you a series of questions, for example:
When did you first notice these symptoms?
Have you been treated for urinary tract infections earlier?
How strong discomfort do you face?
How often do you get wet?
After urination, how long does it last?
Do you have back pain?
Did you have an increased temperature?
Have you noticed rejection from the vagina or blood in the urine?
Are you sexually active?
Do you use creams for contraception?Which;
Aren't you pregnant?
Do you take medicines, organic supplements or vitamins?Do you have chronic diseases?
Have you ever used a urine catheter?
Diagnosis of cystitis
In addition to challenging your symptoms and physics examination, your doctor may recommend some tests and tests, such as:
General urine analysisThe test is used as Skriningovy, and as a diagnostic.In this analysis, IMVP can be discussed in elevated leukocytes, red blood cells and nitrite.
Urine analysis for infertility.If the bladder is suspected of infection, the doctor may prescribe urine analysis for infertility, which will indicate the type of bacteria in the urine and their number.
General blood testThis analysis shows non -specific inflammatory changes in white blood cells and can indirectly indicate the presence and severity of the urinary tract (IMVP).
Cystoscopy.During this study, the doctor inserts a cystoscope - a thin hose with rear lighting and camcorder, through the urethra in the bladder and examines it from the inside to study the structural abnormalities and signs of inflammation.
When using a cystoscope, the doctor may also take a small sample of fabric (biopsy) from a suspicious place for laboratory analysis.However, cystoscopy is not seen in all patients with cystitis, but only in patients with repeated or nebulase cystitis.
Visualisiruyushchie methods.These methods of research are also not required by all patients, but only for those who cannot find the cause of IMVP relapse in other ways.For example, abdominal x -ray or ultrasound of the back peritoneal space can detect structural bladder abnormalities, ureters and kidneys.In some cases, contrast before radiography, ascending (cyusography) or declining (intravenous urography).
Treatment of cystitis
Cystitis caused by bacterial infection is usually treated with antibiotics.The treatment of non -infectious cystitis depends on its cause.
Treatment of bacterial cystitis
First -line antibiotics are drugs that are active against the intestinal stick or those bacteria found in the urine during sowing.
Primary infection.Symptoms usually improve significantly in the first days of treatment, but the doctor may insist on continuing treatment for three to seven days, depending on the severity of your infection.
Repeated infection.If you have a recurrence of IMVP, the doctor may recommend greater treatment with antibiotics or directs you to a doctor specializing in the treatment of urinary tract infections (urologist or nephrologist) to determine the cause of relapse.For some women with recurrent bacterial cistitami, a unique dose of the antibiotic after each sexual intercourse may be useful.
Hospital infections.Hospital infections of the bladder can be extremely difficult to treat, because the bacteria that often cause them are resistant to the main antibiotics used to treat extracurricular bladder infections.Therefore, the doctor can prescribe quite antibiotics at the same time.
Treatment of median cystitis
The reason for the development of median cystitis remains uncertain, so there is no universal treatment suitable for all patients at the same time.The doctor may try the following treatment methods:
Preparations used orally or are administered directly to the bladder.
Local processes that relieve symptoms, such as stretching bladder, filling it with water or gas.
Nerve stimulation with slight electrical impulses (physically) to relieve pain in the pelvic area and, in some cases, reduces urination frequency
Treatment of other forms of non -infectious cystitis
First of all, it is necessary to eliminate the cause of non -infectious cystitis: jacuzzi, spermatic cream, etc.
The treatment of cystitis, which develops as a complication of chemotherapy or radiotherapy, focuses on suppressing pain (usually using painkillers) and washing to reduce contact with bladder irritants.
Lifestyle and treatments at home
Cystitis may be very painful, but there are simple methods at home to greatly facilitate this discomfort:
Use the heating pillow.Place the heating pillow on the lower abdomen, this will significantly relieve pain and gravity in the pelvis.
Do not allow dehydration.Drink a lot of liquids.Avoid coffee, alcohol, non -alcoholic beverages containing caffeine, citrus juices.As well as spicy foods - until the symptoms of cystitis are delivered.These substances can irritate the bladder and worsen the frequency and intensity of the urination.
Get a living room bath.Submit the crotch in warm water for 15-20 minutes, this will significantly relieve pain and hassle.
With repetitive IMVP, discuss your personal optimal treatment tactics and symptomatic treatment with your doctor.
Prevention of cystitis
The juice or tablets of cobs containing pro -Aantocyanidine are often recommended to reduce the risk of repeated bladder infections of some women.However, recent studies show that these methods are not as effective as they were previously considered.
You can still try to get caravan juice daily, but remember that it cannot be combined with warfarin, as this combination can lead to bleeding.
The following simple rules can be useful for prevention of cystitis:
Drink a lot of liquids, especially water.This is especially important if you receive chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Warm more often.If you feel the desire to urinate, do not postpone a visit to the toilet.
After removal, wipe the crotch forward.This prevents bacteria from the anal area in the vagina and urethra.
Shower, not a bathroom.If you are prone to IMVP relapses, if you refuse the bathroom and shower, since the water in the bath can help penetrate the infection in the urethra.
Gently wash the skin around the vagina and anus.Do this daily, but do not use irritating soaps and do not make active efforts.On thin skin around these areas, irritation occurs easily.
Quite the bladder as soon as possible after sexual intercourse.Drink a full glass of water to go back to the toilet again.
Avoid using deodorants and aerosols, as well as other female cosmetics in the genital area.These substances can irritate urethra and bladder.